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Beit Ur al-Fauqa ((アラビア語:بيت عور الفوقا)) is a Palestinian village located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the northern West Bank, east of Ramallah and southeast of Beit Ur al-Tahta. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 864 in the 2007 census.〔(2007 PCBS Census ). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.115.〕 ==History== Beit Ur al-Fauqa (meaning "Upper House of Straw") preserves part of the original Canaanite name for the village,〔Alternate English transliterations use ''Bayt'' for ''Beit'', ''Ur'' for ''Ur'', ''el'' for ''al'' and ''Fauqa'', ''Fawka'' for, ''Foqa'', and in any combination thereof.〕 and has been identified as the sites of Upper Bethoron. Archaeological finds indicate that Lower Bethoron (Beit Ur al-Tahta) was established before Upper Bethoron; potsherds found in Beit Ur al-Fauqa date from the Iron Age onward, while potsherds from the lower town date from the Late Bronze Age.〔 A large ''birkeh'' (pond) north-east in the village is cut in rock.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. (86 )〕 The Hasmoneans twice blocked the way of Hellenistic forces marching toward Jerusalem in Upper Bethoron. In the third attempt, Bacchides succeeded in subduing the Hasmoneans and fortified this strategic pass.〔Sharon, 1999, p. ( 165 )〕 It was in the ravines near Bethoron that the 12th Roman Legion under Cestius Gallus was destroyed in 66 CE at the start of the Great Jewish Revolt.〔Goodman, Martin. (2007). ''Rome and Jerusalem; The Clash of Ancient Civilizations''. p. 14.〕 After the subjugation of the Jewish Revolt in 70 CE, the Romans built a fortress in the town to guard the road to Jerusalem.〔 During the later Roman period and under the Byzantines, Beit Ur al-Fauqa lost its importance, becoming a small village by the 5th century CE.〔Sharon, 1999, p. ( 166 )〕 The village has been identified with the ''Bethoron Superior'' or ''Vetus Betor'' in the Crusader era. Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem gave it as a fief to Mar Saba. In 1165/64 CE, it was sold to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.〔 de Roziére, 1849, p. (279 ), cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. ( 106 )-107, No 409〕〔Pringle, 1997, p. (29 )〕 The remains of a tower, ''Al-Burj'', in the village is dated to this era.〔〔Beyer, 1942, identified ''Vetus Betor'' with Beit Ur al-Tahta, according to Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 304〕 An Arabic inscription with a verse from the Qur'an was found on a ruined stone structure in Beit Ur al-Fauqa and is attributed by Moshe Sharon to the Ayyubid period of rule in Palestine.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beit Ur al-Fauqa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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